Ключевые слова:
- Аральское море
- остаточно-болотные почвы
- засоление
- ионный состав
- деградация почв
Аннотация
В статье представлены результаты исследований физико-химической стратификации и динамики засоления остаточно-болотных почв высохшего дна Аральского моря. Исследования проведены на экспериментальных участках Аральской низменности («точка 0») по профилю 0–200 см. Установлено, что распределение солей по вертикали отличается выраженной неоднородностью: в слое 0–45 см преобладает среднее и сильное засоление хлоридно-сульфатного и магниево-натриевого типа. Максимальное накопление сухого остатка и легкорастворимых солей отмечено в слоях 0–2 см и 22–29 см, что связано с процессами испарения и капиллярного подъема грунтовых вод. В составе поглощающего комплекса доминируют Mg²+ и Na+, что отражает гидроморфный характер почвообразования. Полученные результаты имеют важное значение для оценки деградации почв и разработки научно обоснованных мер по рекультивации засоленных земель высохшего дна Аральского моря.
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