Keywords:
- Aral Sea
- residual-marshy soils
- soil salinity
- ion distribution
- land degradation
Abstract
This study investigates the physico-chemical stratification and salinity dynamics of residual–marshy soils formed on the dried bed of the Aral Sea. Field investigations were conducted at experimental plots located in the Aral Lowland (“0” point), covering a soil profile depth of 0–200 cm. The results reveal a pronounced vertical heterogeneity in salt distribution, with moderate to strong salinity prevailing within the 0–45 cm layer. The dominant salinity types are chloride–sulfate and magnesium–sodium. Maximum accumulation of dry residue and soluble salts was observed in the 0–2 cm and 22–29 cm horizons, which is attributed to intense surface evaporation and capillary rise of shallow groundwater. The exchangeable cation composition is dominated by Mg²+ and Na+, indicating hydromorphic soil formation conditions. The findings provide valuable insights into soil degradation processes and serve as a scientific basis for developing effective reclamation and land restoration strategies in the dried Aral Sea region.
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